Chinese Cinderella

Chinese Cinderella Essay In the book, â€Å"Chinese Cinderella,’ by Adeline Yen Mah, there are numerous things that happen to Adeline for an incredible duration. The book depends on the first Chinese Cinderella, had a comparable life to Adeline. Both were abused by their stepmothers, both unique moms bite the dust and both steadily become all the more remarkable and prestigious for the duration of their lives. The two young ladies were seriously abused by their stepmothers all through their youth years. Chinese Cinderella, Ye Xian, was harassed by her stepmother.In the letter from Aunt Baba about the Chinese Cinderella, it stated, â€Å"Her stepmother abused her, demonstrating inclination for her own girl. † So what Ye Xian’s stepmother did was, she ate Ye Xian’s just companion, her goldfish, at that point she concealed it yet then Ye Xian discovered. Adeline Yen Mah was likewise abused by her stepmother. Her stepmother was constantly one-sided and just r ewarded her own youngsters and the senior kids (kin of Adeline) well. For instance, Niang never gave her any cable car cash yet she offered it to the next children.Also, Niang and her dad never thought about her when she was youthful. What Adeline’s guardians did influenced her a ton throughout everyday life. Adeline would endeavor to accomplish more all through her time at school to show what she could do, which made her increasingly sure to work more earnestly and have a superior future. Both of the girls’ moms bite the dust when the young ladies were youthful. Ye Xian’s mother kicked the bucket first, and afterward her father breathed easy later. So the main carer for Ye Xian was her father’s other spouse, her stepmother. She had her own kid and didn’t care much for her, leaving Ye Xian on her own.Adeline’s mother passed on when Adeline wasn’t even in kindergarten yet. Be that as it may, Adeline wasn’t informed much regardin g her mom, even how her mom looked. On page 3, it stated, â€Å"Do you have an image of my dead mother? † But her auntie wavered a piece and said no. This changed Adeline’s life since this could have made her work much harder at school so she could find a decent line of work and attempt to recoup her mother’s history. The two young ladies were apprehensive and feeble when they were youthful yet demonstrated they could progress nicely and turn out to be amazing when they got develop. Ye Xian was an expert at being a potter.She made numerous pots once and exchanged them for a couple of brilliant shoes. She wore them to a celebration yet lost one. A warlord discovered it was Ye Xian’s shoe and hitched her. This is the manner by which Ye Xian was effective toward the end. Adeline Yen Mah additionally turned out to be amazing toward the end after all the long periods of misery. She got generally excellent grades at school and participated in a composing challe nge once and won first prize. Her dad was pleased with her for one time and let her go to college in England. She was effective and got hitched and turned into a mother, which was an exceptionally huge obligation regarding her.How they turned out to be ground-breaking was a major advance for the two young ladies since they could have mental fortitude in themselves, giving them more open doors they had never done and not be reluctant to experience issues. I feel that Aunt Baba sent her this story since she needed to reveal to Adeline she wasn’t the main individual that was dealt with that way and needed to give her more confidence in herself. Taking everything into account, Chinese Cinderella and Adeline Yen Mah had basically a similar life, yet simply various individuals in their accounts. Chinese Cinderella Adeline Yen Mah’s epic Chinese Cinderella is a personal novel about ‘the mystery story of an undesirable little girl. ’ The tale is important in light of the fact that the story is interesting and it is likewise verifiable as it portrays the confusion of China in the mid 1940s. The epic is additionally amazing for its solid portrayal of characters. The tale depends on a young lady called Adeline who is ignored and disliked by her relatives. There are hardly any individuals who love her. Adeline’s family thinks of her as misfortune since they accept she executed her mom. Elder sibling [tells] me, ‘†¦ Mama passed on bringing forth you. On the off chance that you had not been conceived, Mama would at present be alive. She kicked the bucket as a result of you. You are misfortune. † (Yen Mah, 1999:3). Chinese Cinderella is the narrative of Adeline’s battle for acknowledgment and how she defeats the chances to demonstrate she merits an opp ortunity. She does this by exceeding expectations in her examinations at school. She is brought into the world the fifth youngster to a rich Chinese family where her life started sadly because of her mother’s demise. She at that point battles to discover a spot where she believes she belongs.With no adoration given from her folks, she finds a unique relationship with her granddad and Aunt Baba, who she is later isolated from. She is then sent to a religious circle all inclusive school in Tianjin where the socialists enter under their pioneer Mao Ze-Dong. Before long she is the lone youngster left in the religious community because of socialism. After numerous months she is gathered by Aunt Reine Schilling who is Niang’s sister. â€Å"Adeline! ’ she grinned and welcomed me in English. ‘†¦ Do you recall me? I am Aunt Reine Schilling, your Niang’s more seasoned sister. ’†¦ ‘Come here! Don’t be apprehensive! †¦ (Yen M ah, 1999:154). Adeline was then taken to Hong Kong. The characters in Chinese Cinderella are depicted well overall. Each character is three dimensional. The loathsomeness of Adeline’s life is delineated clearly in the novel. The characters in this novel fluctuate in characters. The part of the story that impacts on the peruser is the awful treatment Adeline persevered. Niang, who is the stepmother, has a specific disdain towards Adeline. Her dad, who is a strange character adores her now and again and at others inhumane towards Adeline. â€Å"Is this decoration for fixing your class? he inquired. I gestured enthusiastically, too eager to even consider speaking. † (Yen Mah, 1999:11). This was the main time he praised Adeline. Adeline has three siblings and one sister. She is appended to Aunt Baba most who is a caring character. She shows incredible love and warmth towards Adeline dissimilar to her other relatives. Her granddad (Ye) is one of her most energetic supporter s all through the story. Her granddad had confidence in her so much that Adeline said â€Å"And in the event that I ought to be so fortunate as to succeed one day, it [is] just be on the grounds that you [believe] in me. † (Yen Mah, 1999:208).This demonstrates the impact her granddad had on her. Chinese Cinderella is so elegantly composed that one could visualize what China resembled in the mid 1940s. In the late 1930s to the mid 1940s China was a severe society. Individuals anticipate that you should be loyal and aware. Adeline’s life begins in Tianjin where she is conceived. She contemplates kindergarten with her more seasoned sister Lydia at St Joseph’s French Convent School. When she begins school she gives her ability and aptitudes. â€Å"What’s that holding tight your dress? † â€Å"It’s something exceptional that Mother Agnes gave me before the entire class this afternoon.She considered it an honor. † My auntie looked excited. â€Å"So soon? You just began kindergarten multi week prior. What is it for? † â€Å"It’s for fixing my class this week†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Yen Mah, 1999:1) Adeline proceeds with her prosperity at school. A couple of months after the fact in mid 1942 Adeline’s Nai passes on of a huge stroke. Adeline’s family is wanting to move to Shanghai because of the Japanese socialists however held up about a month and a half till after Nai Nai’s memorial service. At that point Adeline, Big Sister, Big Brother and Second Brother left to Shanghai to live with Niang. While in transit to Shanghai â€Å"[They] were charmed and astonished†¦ (Yen Mah, 1999:24) when they encountered their dad. Indeed, even in Shanghai Adeline keeps on prevailing at school. The peruser can envision the conditions to which Adeline was oppressed. One could envision the hopelessness of strolling home from kindergarten. One evening, â€Å"Not long after Father and Niang [return] from Ti anjin, Mr and Mrs Huang [come] to visit. They [bring] presents for each of the seven of us kids in a huge cardboard box with a few openings punched in the lid†¦When we [open] the blessing from the Huangs, we [are] charmed to discover seven little child ducklings. (Yen Mah, 1999: 83). Adeline names her duckling PLT (Precious Little Treasure). Following a couple of days Adeline’s father recommends testing Jackie’s, the pet dog’s acquiescence after supper. He arranges fourth sibling to get a duckling and he contracted PLT. That night is PLT’s demise. Fourth sibling has been with Adeline during PLT’s memorial service. Before long Niang chooses to get Lydia wedded. After the wedding Niang moves Adeline into Tianjin and sends her to a religious community life experience school. By December that year she is the main understudy left because of the communists.Aunt Jeane Schilling comes to get her and take her to Hong Kong where she considers auxiliary school. Later Adeline considers medication in England. The language in Chinese Cinderella effectively depicts Adeline’s life, especially the difficulties. After hearing that Adeline wins the composing rivalry and her dad being satisfied she envisions, â€Å"[Her] entire being [vibrates] with all the delight on the planet. I just [have] to loosen up my hand to arrive at the stars. † (Yen Mah, 1999:220). This citation implies that Adeline feels as if all the delight is inside her.She had so much happiness she is vibrating. She thought the delight lied in the stars, which she acquires by extending towards the sky. The language is additionally exceptionally emotive on the grounds that the novel portrays the sentiments of each character, for example, the scene when Adeline’s small duckling PLT is killed by their pooch. â€Å"I [am] overpowered with awfulness. My entire world [turns] forlorn. † (Yen Mah, 1999: 96). Adeline says this in a modest quantity of word s, yet it is so unmistakable you can feel the emotion.This citation mea

Rebuttal Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Counter Argument - Essay Example His work requests consideration on the grounds that the U.S. evaluating framework gets analysis on a lasting premise because of issues of secondary school graduates who come up short on the skills required to be effective in school and occupations. Knight’s claims are imperfect on account of the accompanying reasons: he has a one-sided model, from which he bases rushed speculations; he submits the foul play false notion, when he makes a decision about understudies as commonly self-entitled; and he utilizes the evaluating framework as a distraction to the central issue of the instruction framework, which is raising understudy inspiration and learning. Knight contends that the evaluating framework is defective in light of the fact that, in view of his experience, since self-qualified understudies oversee for get high evaluations with negligible exertion, grades are not, at this point objective and precise proportions of ability. He epitomizes understudies, who pick simple instru ctors, or the individuals who give high evaluations, however he centers around understudies and their folks, who irritate educators to give these understudies higher evaluations due to self-qualification. Self-qualification implies that since they breezed through tests and finished prerequisites, they feel that they merit at any rate a B grade. At long last, Knight proposes thorough tests that have profundity and broadness as a superior proportion of subject abilities. He expresses that the aftereffects of these tests ought to supplant secondary school reviews in school appraisal procedures and results. Despite the fact that Knight addresses a portion of the confinements of the evaluating framework in his school, he has a one-sided test, from which he bases hurried speculations. His encounters with self-entitled understudies originate from his own constrained class cooperations. However, he states completely that this issue influences the whole nation: â€Å"While I can just addres s evaluating rehearses at my school, I speculate that these worries are endemic all through secondary schools nationwide† (Knight). In spite of the fact that his experience by one way or another refutes that evaluations are markers of competency for his group, he can't state that his understudies speak to most of American understudies. Since his examining is one-sided, he can't make the rushed speculation that evaluations are not, at this point objective and precise proportions of fitness. A few understudies, who buckle down for their evaluations and have learned abilities, are exemptions to his rushed speculations. Beside one-sided examining and hurried speculation, Knight submits the dirty pool false notion when he passes judgment on understudies as commonly self-entitled, so their evaluations don't gauge their abilities. He moves toward the issue with the evaluating framework from the suspicion that self-entitled understudies have made it a questionable execution estimation . He proposes that these understudies are miscreants and apathetic in learning class materials; therefore, their evaluations don't mirror their dominance of their subjects. He doesn't consider that few self-entitled understudies may really have aced their courses, yet their levels don't fit the evaluations that they are requesting for. Some self-entitled understudies may have inspiration issues just, not learning shortages. At last, Knight utilizes the reviewing framework as a distraction to the essential issue of the training framework, which is raising understudy inspiration toward learning. He accuses self-entitled understudies, including the possibility of self-entitled American culture, for poor learning among secondary school understudies. He doesn't co

How To Promote Your Business 5 Proven Strategies

How To Promote Your Business 5 Proven Strategies Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!How To Promote Your Business: 5 Proven StrategiesUpdated On 06/12/2019Author : Ram kumarTopic : BusinessShort URL : https://hbb.me/2KSrPHK CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogAs a business owner, ensuring that your products and services are accessible to existing and prospective customers is an important key to achieving success. Staying ahead of your competitors ensure customers choose your business over your competitor’s.Creating an Email Marketing StrategyTo come up with an effective email marketing strategy, you need to carefully plan before execution. Knowing all the factors that contribute to the success of an email marketing strategy is a good place to begin. A well-planned strategy is one with clear goals and a roadmap on how to achieve each goal.Knowing why you need an email marketing strategy is another aspect that determines the overall success of your market ing campaign. Once you execute your plan, ensure you monitor the progress of to ensure you are receiving a reasonable return on investment. When you use the right tools for email marketing, you have a better chance of achieving success.Offer a Free Or Discounted Product/ServiceDiscounts and loyalty offers are guaranteed to get the attention of existing and prospective customers. When it comes to offering discount prices, you need to plan properly to avoid suffering losses. Offering free goods and services ensures you move stock and get the opportunity to expand your business. When it comes to business expansion, it is recommended that you look at leasing  as the rates are affordable.Offering free and discounted products and services guarantees that you’ll get more orders coming in. Work with your current profit margins to ensure optimum profits. When you calculate the best discount price for every service and product that’s part of the promotion, you’ll be in a position to av oid suffering losses.READHow to Increase Your Small Business Website's High-Quality TrafficTurn Your Vehicle Into a Mobile Billboard With a Vehicle WrapUsing car wraps and other advertising tools ensure that you reach new clients. This is a low-cost marketing technique, and its versatility allows you to fulfil customized specifications. Having logos that reflect your business on a vehicle draws attention and helps in increasing conversion rates. Ensure you observe traffic rules and regulations as your driving skills also reflect on your business brand.Use Visual Media To Build Your Social Media PresenceThe importance of a solid online presence in today’s digital world cannot be underestimated. Your overall social media marketing strategy should include visual media as it draws attention and attracts prospective clients. Visual is a versatile and powerful tool that makes viable presentation possible.Put Up Brochures or FlyersIn business marketing, brochures and fliers play an impor tant role. When customers have something in hand, they are continually reminded of the products and services you offer. This is a practical option that gives you the opportunity to have a one on one interaction with customers.ConclusionTaking the right steps to promote your business ensures steady growth and sustainability. Staying ahead of your competition ensures customers choose your goods in a crowded marketplace. Ensure you carefully plan all your marketing strategies for successful outcomes.

Kierkegaard And Communism - 1747 Words

On first and second glance, it may appear impossible to draw any concrete connection between the philosophy of Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard, a seventeenth century Danish Philosopher who worked heavily on existential themes, faith, and Christianity, and the Soviet Union. On one hand, Kierkegaard himself lived his life almost solely in Denmark, rarely leaving his own hometown, so his experience of the World outside of Denmark was extremely limited and focused on his world, especially the world of the Danish National Church. On the other hand, the Soviet Union embraced Communism, and with it its atheistic stances on social and political implications of religion and religious institutions, the Soviet ideology would appear to stand in opposition to the†¦show more content†¦In order to attempt this sort of analysis, there are a number of factors that must be addressed first, with the most crucial being the understanding of Kierkegaard, his relevant works, and his Philosophy. Sà ¸ren Aaby e Kierkegaard was born in 1813 in Copenhagen to Ane Sà ¸rensdatter Lund Kierkegaard and Michael Pedersen Kierkegaard, the latter a pastor of the Danish National Church. According to Daniel Conway, a professor of Philosophy and the Humanities at Texas AM, â€Å"although influential today for his diverse contributions to the fields of philosophy, theology, rhetoric, literary theory, and depth philosophy, Kierkegaard was widely known in his own day as a provocative social critic† (Conway 2015, 1). He was highly critical of the church in his hometown, and the Danish National Church in general, in addition to Christianity and what it meant for one to have faith in the almighty. Thus, much of Kierkegaard’s work deals with faith and Christianity to some extent, as seen with Fear and Trembling, the work that will be most heavily sourced within this thesis. Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling was written and published in 1843 under the pseudonym Johannes de Silentio. Kierk egaard often wrote and published his works under different pseudonyms, each often having some sort of significance to the work in which it is situated. The significance of the pseudonym of Fear and Trembling, according to the author ofShow MoreRelatedChapter 30 Thought And Culture During World Wars And Totalitarianism971 Words   |  4 Pagesto fascism or communism. During this time period, people wanted to find purpose when they weren t able to find it through reason. They were able to then find their purpose by joining something bigger than them, which also helps us understand why nationalism rose drastically during this time period. To expand a little more on this topic, many found hope in fascism because of its radical and barbaric ways. However, many intellectuals found a safe haven in the Soviet Union s Communism. They saw CommunismRead MoreCondemned Freedom: Sartre1417 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition in his political affiliations—Communism. 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The Impact Of Arts On American Public Schools - 1502 Words

The decline in the presence of fine arts, as well as their funding, in American public schools is associated with the changing priorities of American politicians, as well as the diverse curriculum that does not provide the arts a place. Since the relatively recent inception of new educational legislature, such as NCLB (No Child Left Behind), arts are struggling to find a space in the classroom even though they are integrated into the mandated curriculum. Whether it be increased focus on test preparation in core classes, or the view fine arts are disposable sector, the nation continues to grow in its aversion to the various performing arts. This continuing anti-art sentiment has begun to lead to fiscal consequences for arts programs, such†¦show more content†¦By dissuading students from fine arts, education stifles the student’s ability to express themselves, and creates an environment that is counteractive to effective learning. According to the Americans for the Art s, â€Å"[Their] studies show that children involved in the arts are four times more likely to be recognized for academic achievement and four times more likely to participate in a math and science fair† . Lack of funding for the arts, ultimately, is doing a disservice to children. Eric Darr, President of the Harrisburg University of Science and Technology states that he doesn’t believe that humanities students are being turned off from pursuing those particular degrees, although recent press may sway those decisions. Darr states that the two fields are stronger together, rather than separate, however recent budget cuts puts that possibility in jeopardy. Edward Abeyta, director of K-16 studies at UC San Diego extension, furthers Darr’s argument that a combination of STEM and artistic thinking are both necessary components of creativity and innovation. â€Å"The future economic cost of not having a whole brain education system that fosters creativity and innovation is immense† he states. â€Å"It also requires that arts be included in the curricula to capture the full potential of the whole-brain. By replacing fine arts withShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits Of American For The Arts1114 Words   |  5 PagesMichigan public schools do not offer or have recently cut their arts program. Classes such as band, chorus, dance, foreign languages, and art are no longer an essential course and have altogether been cut from the budget. 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Analyzing Dna Matches From Identical Twins And Other...

Each person’s genome- apart from identical twins’ or other multiple births’- is distinct because of variations in allele frequencies which cause chromosomes to have certain genotypes. This indicates that when the DNA found at a crime location matches a person’s, the individual is the culprit of the crime; however, finalizing a case is not this elementary. The evidence collected from a scene does not show the person’s entire genome. While it can certainly point to suspects whose DNA matches the samples collected from the scene, it does not secure a definite criminal. Analyzing DNA requires understanding of a few complex fundamentals, but probability paired with statistical reasoning provides for a more accurate approach in assessing DNA matches. Humans each have 23 pairs of chromosomes that have similar sequences since they are analogous in gene chronology. They are not identical, though, because one chromosome is composed of alleles of a gene from o ne parent, and one chromosome is composed of alleles from the other (Dawid and Thomas). Short tandem repeats, or brief recurring patterns, take place at particular positions in all DNA sequences, variation occurring due to the differing number of repeats from person to person (Dawid and Thomas). DNA profiles select certain positions of the human genome and record the number of short tandem repeats that appear there for each DNA sample being analyzed (which in a court case would be the suspect’s profile and the profile from theShow MoreRelatedBiology Essay3361 Words   |  14 PagesBiology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell) Chapter 12 DNA Technology and Genomics Multiple-Choice Questions 1) When DNA fingerprinting was first used, A) genetic evidence was collected using only DNA from blood. B) blood samples from theGenomic libraries can be constructed using either bacterial plasmids or what other vector? crime scene were used to match the blood of a person who confessed. C) the two semen samples did not match the person who initiallyRead MoreThe Role of Dna Technology in Crime Investigation5441 Words   |  22 PagesDNA profiling DNA profiling (also called DNA testing, DNA typing, or genetic fingerprinting) is a technique employed by forensic scientists to assist in the identification of individuals on the basis of their respective DNA profiles. DNA profiles are encrypted sets of numbers that reflect a persons DNA makeup, which can also be used as the persons identifier. DNA profiling should not be confused with full genome sequencing. It is used in, for example, parental testing and rape investigationRead MoreAdvancement in Forensic Technology3440 Words   |  14 Pagesprints, footprints, tooth bite prints, blood, and hair and fiber samples and bunch of other things in order to investigate a crime scene. Ballistics techniques are employed to make out weapons in addition to voice identification methods used to recognize criminals (Nickell Fischer, 1999). The lie detector has been used in police investigation since 1921. The modern lie detector was invented by a medical student from University of California. In spite of being frequently used in police interrogationRead MoreAp Psychology Review Packet12425 Words   |  50 Pagesglands and the muscles of the internal organs. 24.Availability Heuristic:  estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory. 25.Axon:  the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscles and glands. 26.B.F. Skinner:  a leading behaviorist; rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior. 27.Babbling Stage:  begins at 4 months; stage of speech development in which infant spontaneously utters variousRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesHodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the UnitedRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesWeidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction

Mens Rea In International Criminal Law

Question: Describe about The Concept of Mens Rea In International Criminal Law ? Answer: Introduction Since long, it had been recommended by many leading academicians as well as by lawyers that the existing legislation known as the Non-Fatal Offences against Person, 1861 was something that demanded immediate amendments. This recommendation was based on three main issues. Firstly, the language that is used in the legislation is very complicated, outdated and obscure. Secondly, the structure in which the offences are arranged is very ambiguous. Thirdly, the effectiveness of the piece of legislation was criticized by the Law Commission as well. It was proposed by the Law Commission to repeal Section 18, 20 and 47 of the Act and replace them with new provisions which would be appropriately worded. Discussion The various criticisms of the legislation are being discussed in the following paragraphs. The language that is used in the Legislation is particularly outdated. For instance, there are certain words like malicious and grievous which are not used on a regular basis these days. Hence, these terms require interpretation by the courts on a regular basis. While on one hand, in general terms, the word malicious means something that is related to evil or haughtiness, on the opposite end, the same in legal parlance means having an intention or being reckless. In the matter of DPP v Smith, the term grievous was interpreted as to mean something very serious. There are also other terms like assault that have been found to be very misleading. Ordinarily, to constitute the offence of assault, one generally gets a notion that there has to an image of actual physical attack while under the existing legal system, to constitute the offence of assault, no physical contact is required. Similar ambigui ty is also prevalent as far as the term battery is concerned. Considering the legislative history, it is very ambiguous to believe that the Victorian Draftsmen actually wished to include any psychiatric harm in the definition of the word bodily harm. However, the Courts have included the same in the said category in the matters of R v Ireland, R v Constanza and R v Burstow. There is equal ambiguity in understanding the word inflict. In the matter of R v Clarence, it meant requirement of proof that an assault or battery was actually done. In the matter of R v Wilson, the Court ruled that to satisfy the ingredients of this particular word, force should be applied directly. On the other hand, the same court in the matter of R v Martin ruled that even indirect application of the force would satisfy the section. Let us know have a look at the ambiguous structure of the offences. The offences of assault and battery are not defined coherently and hence, there is no boundary line that would differentiate the two from each other. In Faulkner v Talbot, it was ruled that battery would be said to have done if there is any intentional touching while, ABH would be constituted if the intentional touching would interfere with the comfort of the individual. Apart from the element of comfort there seems to be no difference between these two offences, yet, the punishment prescribed for both of them is miles apart. While battery is punishable with a maximum penalty of 6 months, ABH might be punishable for 5 years. The different jury would interpret ABH and GBH n grossly different terms. There is no boundary to compartmentalize the two. It is beyond doubt that ABH and GBH are offences with different levels of severity in terms of injury. Even then, under Section 20, an offence of GBH has the same level of p enalty as an offence under Section 47, dealing with ABH. There seems to be no validity as to why would the offence of wounding is kept in an entirely different section. The same can be interpreted along the terms of GBH. In the matter of Moriarty v Brookes, it was held by the Court that breaking the seven layers of the skin would be said to constitute the offence of wound. This means that a pin prick would be considered to be a wound and also a head breaking with skin rupture will also be wound. It is dismal to see this situation. Further, as far as the effectiveness of the offences is concerned, there are further criticisms there as well. It is likely that many of the non fatal offences against persons would go unpunished. There are high chances that many of them would not be reported and even if they are reported, they may not be prosecuted. Law Commission Recommendations Keeping these in mind, the Law Commission, published the report titled Legislating the Criminal Code: Offences Against the Person and General Principles. This came in inclusion of a bill that intended to repeal Section 18, 20 and 47 on the grounds that the language was old fashioned, the three sections in question are complicated and have technical errors associated and that in the interpretation of these sections, it is very likely that lawyers would make mistakes and there would be total unintelligibility as far as the common men are concerned. We shall now look into the amendments which the proposed bill intended to provide. The same is being presented in the given tabular form: Present Offences Proposed New Offences Definitions Maximum Penalty S. 18: Wounding or causing Grievous Bodily Hurt with intent A person would remain guilty of an offence under the section if he intentionally causes an injury that is serious to any other person Injury would mean any physical injury or mental injury. Physical injury would mean anything that is caused by disease and would include any pain, unconsciousness or any other impairment of the physical condition of a person. Mental injury would mean anything that causes an impairment of the mental health of a person. Imprisonment for life. S. 20: Wounding or causing Grievous Bodily Hurt A person would remain guilty of an offence under the section if serious injury is caused to another person by his reckless act. Injury would have the same definition as stated above with the only difference that it would not include anything that is caused by diseases. Seven years on condemnation or six months; this may or may not be associated with a fine summarily. S. 47: Assault that results in ABH A person would remain guilty of an offence under this section if an injury is caused to another person either with intent or out of recklessness. Injury would have the same definition as stated above with the only difference that it would not include anything that is caused by diseases. Five years on condemnation or six months; this may or may not be associated with a fine summarily. Common Law Assault and Battery A person remains guilty of an offence under this section if he with intent applies force on another person and he believes that such an impact would be imminent. Generally, the fine amounts to an amount not more than $ 5000 along with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months. Evaluation The key aspects of the changed reform suggest that the following three should be kept in mind An assault that is inclusive of a battery which results in any harm which happens to be an ABH in contrast to Section 47 should be charged as a common assault in contrast to section 39 of the Criminal Justice Act where injury constitutes nothing more than a graze or a scratch or an abrasion. The offences that would be charged under section 47 are loss or breaking of tooth or teeth, cuts that require stitches, extensive bruises, psychiatric injury going beyond fear, loss of sensory functions etc. Section 20 of the Act should only be kept for those wounds that are at equivalence with GBH. Such offences include permanent disability, visible disfigurement of any organ, broken or misplaced bones and limbs, or any other injury that causes a substantial loss of blood. Conclusion As far as the success of the new provisions is concerned, it appears that the recommendations of the Law Commission have been followed. If the Bill is implemented, it is likely that the ambiguities that were present in the legislation would be mended to a great extent. The Law Commission has recommended these changes that are very vital for the criminal justice system to stand on strong grounds. But at the same time, it also cannot be denied that the scope for improvement still lies. There are certain areas that can be mended again. As for instance, the definition of assault and battery can be brought under one head so that the difference of borderline between the two can be understood. Further, the sections can also be updated as far as parlance with Section 39 of Criminal Justice Act is concerned. This will provide a more coherent criminal law framework. But a reading of the present situation clearly points that the recommended changes are particularly helpful in deciphering the am biguous situation that was present formerly. References Allen, M,Textbook on criminal law. in , Oxford, Oxford university press, 2015. Badar, M,The Concept Of Mens Rea In International Criminal Law. in , Oxford University Press, 2014. DPP v Smith. in , , 1961, p. 290. Dubber, M,Foundational texts in modern criminal law. in , Oxford University Press, 2015. E-lawresources.co.uk, 'Criticisms of non-fatal offences against the person'. in , , 2015, https://e-lawresources.co.uk/Non-Fatal-Offences-Against-the-Person---Criticisms.php [accessed 24 July 2015]. Faulkner v Talbot [1981] 3 All ER 468. in , , 1981, p. 468. HORDER, J, 'Rethinking Non-Fatal Offences against the Person'. inOxford Journal of Legal Studies, 14, 1994, 335-351. Jefferson, M, 'Offences against the Person: Into the 21st Century'. inThe Journal of Criminal Law, 76, 2012, 472-492. Jones-Brown, D, B Frazier, M Brooks,African Americans and criminal justice. in , Oxford University Press, 2014. Kymlicka, W, C Lernestedt, M Matravers,Criminal law and cultural diversity. in , Oxford University Press, 2015. Law, H, 'Offences against the Person: Reckless Transmission of HIV'. inThe Journal of Criminal Law, 69, 2005, 389-393. Lawteacher.net, 'Non Fatal Offences Against The Person | Criminal Lecture Notes | Law Teacher'. in , , 2015, https://www.lawteacher.net/lecture-notes/criminal-law/assaults-lecture.php [accessed 24 July 2015]. Lee, C, Audah Hassan,Offences against persons and property. in , Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, LexisNexis, 2009. Moriarty v Brookes. in , , 1834, p. 79. R v Burstow. in , , 1997, p. 34. R v Clarence. in , , 1889, , 23. R v Constanza. in , , 1997, p. 576. R v Ireland. in , , 1997, , 534. R v Martin. in , , 1989, , 343. R v Wilson. in , , 1996, p. 573. Virgo, G, 'Offences Against the PersonDo-It-Yourself Law Reform'. inCam. Law. J., 56, 1997, 251. M Allen,Textbook on criminal law, in , Oxford, Oxford university press, 2015. W Kymlicka, C Lernestedt M Matravers,Criminal law and cultural diversity, in , Oxford University Press, 2015. DPP v Smith, inAC, , 1961, p. 290. R v Ireland, inWLR, , 1997, , 534. R v Constanza, inCrim L R, , 1997, p. 576. R v Burstow, inUKHL, , 1997, p. 34. R v Clarence, inQB, , 1889, , 23. R v Wilson, inCrim L R, , 1996, p. 573. R v Martin, inCr App R, , 1989, , 343. D Jones-Brown, B Frazier M Brooks,African Americans and criminal justice, in , Oxford University Press, 2014. Faulkner v Talbot [1981] 3 All ER 468, inAll E R, , 1981, p. 468. M Badar,The concept of Mens Rea in international criminal law, in . Oxford University Press, 2015. C Lee Audah Hassan,Offences against persons and property, in , Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, LexisNexis, 2009. Moriarty v Brookes, inEWHC Exch J, , 1834, p. 79. Lawteacher.net, 'Non Fatal Offences Against The Person | Criminal Lecture Notes | Law Teacher', in , , 2015, https://www.lawteacher.net/lecture-notes/criminal-law/assaults-lecture.php [accessed 24 July 2015]. G Virgo, 'Offences Against the PersonDo-It-Yourself Law Reform', inCam. Law. J., vol. 56, 1997, 251. H Law, 'Offences against the Person: Reckless Transmission of HIV', inThe Journal of Criminal Law, vol. 69, 2005, 389-393. M Dubber,Foundational texts in modern criminal law, in . Oxford University Press, 2015. E-lawresources.co.uk, 'Criticisms of non-fatal offences against the person', in , , 2015, https://e-lawresources.co.uk/Non-Fatal-Offences-Against-the-Person---Criticisms.php [accessed 24 July 2015]. M Jefferson, 'Offences against the Person: Into the 21st Century', inThe Journal of Criminal Law, vol. 76, 2012, 472-492. J HORDER, 'Rethinking Non-Fatal Offences against the Person', inOxford Journal of Legal Studies, vol. 14, 1994, 335-351.